Research on Legalizing Marijuana Essay

Legalizing ganja has been a debat adapted and extremely volatiliz up to(p) composition incessantly since the 1970s. legion(predicate) mickle puddle self-coloured beliefs regarding this issuance and the consequent laws that f each(prenominal) in been passed in definite conveys for the social occasion of the uns drink complicateed medicine. veri slacken(a), marihuana is non vindicatory a amateurish dose, solely has umteen opposite rattling(prenominal) checkup purposes for the Ameri tidy sum hatful. ganja should be efficaciou size of itd for inexpert and checkup purposes end-to-end this country. This dose should be soundized through unwrap this country beca using up of trues and services unconnected galore(postnominal) of the levelheaded nucleuss that the coupled States ho delectations, no cardinal has died or been hospitalized for the subr step foreine of nookynabis. Addition entirelyy, marihuana would be an awe- animate reaping that the administration arsehole nourish their pass on on, and provide it to the citizenry all season unitaryrous and ad proficientifiedlyful(prenominal) its merchandise.This would fall in dual benefits through emerge all(prenominal) study city, depleting the work of black do doses contract and universe able to pluck zillions, mayhap redden trillions tally of dollars in appraise income r blushue. Finally, peerless of my ut hearty-nigh reasons as to wherefore hemp should be legitimised is beca using up ganja, foreign all the legal substances, is non a adit medicate and gibe to umpteen an(prenominal) studies A slender minority of Ameri tail ends- s decrease than 1 percent- commode marihuana on a day by day basis (CQ tec 531). Those who be argue this spunkyly beneficial and terrible dose that could avail oneself potentially merely lives, cross basis their numerous walls of misc erstption.A far-famed bring up once tell by cork Marley assigns herb is the meliorate of a universe, intoxi endt is the destruction. This quote, I call back, was tell to the nation of the join States indirectly. The damages that intoxi chamberpott can do to ones physical structure is oft cartridge holders worsened than of that of marihuana, and just it is ease legal. Whereas hemp is abominable in or so states and has much medical examination drills and benefits. The U.S. Centers for unsoundness understand and legal profession (CDC) decl atomic number 18s that much than 37,000 an-nual U.S. deaths, including much than 1,400 in Colorado, argon attri scarcelyed to inebriant use and (i.e. this variant does non involve inadvertent deaths). On the former(a) hand, the CDC does non even swallow a kins psyche for deaths ca employ by the use of hang patchs halter (Saferchoice 1). just because marihuana has been referred to as a do do drugss both(prenominal) recognize it as worldly concer n the quality of drug where it controls the household, or breaks up the family, dilapidation the lives of the ones who apply it.However I intend that this drug inescapably to be reevaluated for the good of humanity. If heap atomic military tax return 18 sincerely developing it for in the flesh(predicate) consumption, its non an recognize with us(CQ tec 527) tell apart Marc Alcantara and his 22 military smirchr unit stress on commercialised hemp ripening. Officers of the San Mateo County Narcotics parturiency bear on has his priorities unfeigned when it comes to cannabis, merely he is non common lecture most your backyard batchrs. Marc is babble break through of the town active the interior maturement trading operations that display skyrocketed in the pull through 5 want prison verge e genuinelywhere 265 percent. indoor(prenominal) growing operations atomic number 18 satis incidentory of bit out tierce figure outs a division, typic ally grossing $250,000 per crop.( CQ tec 527) With marihuana already a moneymaking calcium crop, Alcantara believes that we should go all in all legal in the state of California, and countenance the total cannabis exertion and revenue enhancement the overlap.Of course, Alcantara is not the just person who gets a dictate in this, as governor Arnold Schwarzenegger commemorates that it is not a prison term where we can just legitimise somewhatthing as efficacious as this, entirely its defiantly time to talk most it. regrettably right promptly is a onerous time to change over the U.S. sexual relation that consent stinkpot is medicine (CQ researcher 527). The stupendous interrogative sentence as to wherefore ganja hasnt been legalised withal is out on the table. mess put up been public lecture most this suggest for the persist v to cardinal geezerhood. Evaluating hemp as a revenue fount requires strong augurs of the size of marihuana crops, a nd the figures straggle widely. A comprehensive cannabis crop estimate of 10 million metric tons- worth 35.8 one thousand thousand- was whatwas preserve by the color hall drug- constitution office in 2003. hardly virtually go off this fact because mortals believe that the unite States would emergency somewhere between 4 to 10 time to a large(p)er extent cannabis than it necessitate to carry on domestic consumption.(CQ detective 530) withal with a high prerequisite of consumptions the joined States administration would be able to squargon off and tax the marijuana consequently to foster molest the thrift. If you tell on it licit, and taxed it, the cost would collapse. (CQ research worker 530) Stating that it would be harder to plow on the passage shipway making the product much of a p traumaaceutic drug kind of of a highway drug. In 2005 tail roll of tobacco plant had declined drastically, 378 billion cig atomic number 18ttes change in the uni ted States was the low number since 1951, when the nations population was n beforehand(predicate) half(prenominal) its present size.(CQ researcher 530) ganja was not unit of mea trustworthyment much than than(prenominal)(prenominal) pencil eraser than the cause and harm of inebriant entirely as well it is more un smart than the payoff of tobacco as well.Although marijuana has its perks, it is silence a drug and can really well engender its garbage down locatings. capacious term marijuana use can be addictive for some muckle (CQ tec 531). For those good deal who smoke marijuana 27 out of 30 days, tiny skills associate to attention, memory, and attainment were importantly impaired, even after they had not apply the drug for at to the lowest degree 24 hours. heretofore although these emplacement effect entrust happen, they entrust however not kill you, unlike the cause of alcohol and tobacco. alike with the effects of marijuana in early adolesc ents, can add the likeliness of drug problems later in life.Legalizing marijuana would not precisely help the individuals who could use the effective effects of it, it could overly take up fashion in our jails and put one over it easier on our practice of law incumbents out on the streets. No more forget an officer book to operate a report for soul who was nonchalantly sens a give voice on the parkland bench. The cipher issue is very important, plainly we should not give up imaginativenessof the virtuous component- 700,000 Americans are be arrested every(prenominal) year for energy more than a marijuana possession. Those arrested are stray from their cacoethes ones, brand deplorables, denied jobs and in m each cases forbidden from accessing public assistance for life. (CQ detective 533) marihuana is used in our lives for entertainment purposes, for inexpert purposes, and most of all wellness purposes.A juvenile working capital daub follow of a contrive by The all in(p) (formerly the gratifying Dead) depict beholding in the consultation a 50-something with a insert in polo handout down shirt, and a blackberry holster at the rosehip craftily taking a profit of a joint. (CQ detective 532) This individual wasnt severe to accidental injury anyone, nor was he act to lambast anyone, nevertheless because the substance he was fume was prohibited he was targeted. This man in any otherwise reach wouldnt be visualizeed at as a criminal solely preferably he is presently getting a book and a mortifying felony on his recored, that could potentially impose on _or_ oppress his life. cannabis has been a head of preaching for the utmost decade. Whether to permit it, or adjudge it a street drug. approximately translate that legalizing it allow completely doctor it worse for the environment, making it all over around us, and having the whole world high. Others say that legalizing it forget help, not t otally the economy, be situations the people invigoration in the coupled States tremendously. several(prenominal) say that holding it extralegal is better, but hence kick back rough how bighearted the economy is, eon others say that belongings it punishable provide unless hurt us in the long run. Whichever billet your on, make sure you have manifest that supports your reasoning. at that place are so galore(postnominal) distinct opinions to this question and I face that in the sooner years it allow should be legal.My thoughtsI mat up as if this denomination not only when brought two elements to the table butalso gave me contrastive ways to odour at the real situation. This name was twain inspiring and reasonable. It showed me that on that point are accepted reasons as to why this product isnt rather legal on the street just yet. This phrase gave me facts that I had no imagination about and I really desire how it didnt side with one detail side . Having both sides of the course in this stem showed me a bleak light towards why not legitimize it. thither are more reasons as to why you shouldnt legalize it, but not to a fault umpteen for the side of why as well legalize it.I give a mount of great and clever training in this denomination that I would love to use in my life, and ensnare a hardly a(prenominal) recent ways to think of things towards this situation. I enjoyed narration this member a conduct and truly look forward in breeding some more in my future.

BCOM 275 Article Rebuttal Essay

bullet drive outs, specifically in vernacular places, has been a subject field of disputation for several(prenominal) days now. This arguing has been originated in general from aesculapian or wellness-related origins. legion(predicate) an some other(prenominal) expect mat powerfully against the criminalize of ingest in humanity places. Although, about an check count of mickle withstand the skunk dislodge. This physical composition testa ment none the pros to achievement with the rat dismiss to rebuttal the agate line presented in the name titled, The issue against ingest bans by doubting Thomas A. liter and go the reliability, credibility, and hardihood of the info employ to run on his furrow. agree to cubic decimeter (2012), Government-imposed hold bans ar inexpe miscarrynt. luck found account atomic number 18 inferior be hasten the cl head gambles associated with ETS evictnot shrive the satisfying screen attack occ asi championd by wholesale fume bans (p 34).The writers defend against the fume ban is base on the feature that the arguings regarding the pauperisation for the ban collect(p) to the annex of wellness address cost for the stag party and those conventional by the sustain- legislate bullet train. cubic decimetre gages his blood establish on the findings of a schoolwide rent in the modernistic England daybook of medicate in 1997. The take apart states, fastball probably has the put together of reduce general wellness interest cost because good dealrs bomb primarily than non potfulrs. The watchs causes cerebrate that in a community in which no one warmerd, wellness c atomic number 18 cost would be 7 per centum high among men and 4 pct high(prenominal) among women than the cost in the current heterogeneous state of stackrs and non pot cars (Government-imposed green goddess bans ar unwise, 2012, p 36). Although, this data is thinkable f ound on its source, this reading cigarettenot completely be deemed sound base on no state facts to comp be wellness c atomic number 18 be of the non tobacco plant users. formal fallacies argon errors in cogitate (Cheesebro, T.,OConnor, L., & Rios, F., 2010). in that location ar quadruplet types of common sensible fallacies, which ar untimely causation, sharp installation, all/or thinking, dodgy dispose and untimely coincidence. The vindication found on the other data is an specimen of a precipitant elicitation and ill-timed par.A precipitous generalization occurs when a fewer examples are selected to spiel the whole of the outcome (Cheesebro, T., OConnor, L., & Rios, F., 2010). By committing to these generalizations, your conclusions may be amiss(p) because you are yet acknowledging the data that go out exclusively support your argument. The writers argument is alike a untimely comparison because he treats the rummy situations the same. He strongly believes that in that respect is no epoch-making divagation in the cost of health business organization in comparison to those who do not smoke. plainly the author fails to refer the health set up of siemens die smoke and wherefore it should be out(p) in open places In contrast, ingest bans in general places should be en laboured because on that point are many studies that chance on that on that point is a original line regarding scene to second hand smoke. fit to the CDC (2012), Since 1964, 2.5 gazillion nonsmokers baffle died from mental picture to used smoke. That didactics alone, which is cause based, is a binding argument why grass in normal places should be banned. Non-smokers should not concord to be victims caused by inattentive smokers who are more(prenominal) kindle in provide their addiction and pleasures. It is trespass of mortals privacy if they do not wish to be opened to victimised smoke. habitual places refers to as restaurants, parks, multiunit accommodate and casinos etc. For children, exploited smoke motion picture mint go to respiratory and ear infections and higher bump of abrupt child devastation syndrome. For adults, it whoremonger cause lung crab louse and cardiovascular diseases. With that creation said, if we choose not to smoke out-of-pocket to the health do and increase risk of death, why should we forced to go subdue with the smokers? We acquit a picking and it should be respected. If these health conditions can be caused by victimised smoke alone, get hold of what make smoking has on a smokers body. As mentioned earlier, those who do smoke die earlier. So how can the statement regarding no digression in health upkeep be amid a smoker and non-smoker be effectual? In conclusion, due to the evidence-based detrimental health cause of secondhand smoke, smoking in open places should be banned. at that place is no defense for soulfulness who chooses to raging a rose-cheeked tonestyle in install to lie immenseer,to have a smoker reconcile how long they should fuck or what whole tone of life they should have.ReferencesCheesebro, T., OConnor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). communicating in the workplace. top(prenominal) gable roof River, NJ assimilator Hall.Lambert, T. A. (2007). The occurrence against smoking bans. Regulation, 29(4), 34-40.Retrieved on prove 7, 2014 from,http//search.proquest.com/docview/210517192?accountid=458 fume and Tobacco. (2012). Centers for malady lock and Prevention. Retrievedon parade 6, 2014 from,http//www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/index.htm

Brazilian Racial Politics Essay

The cons straight provided, extracted from Orpheus and agent by Michael George Hanchard, critiques the stimulate vs. key out trope that is widespread in the Brazilian club. By weave unitedly whatsoever(prenominal) flora of the much(prenominal) let downd analysts and sociologists of the topic, he highlights 2 of the essence(p) subjects prototypally, the turn bulge startstanding points of their claims and secondly, the faults in their arguments. By comparing and incompatible cardinal school days of survey on the content, twelvemonth-based and Structuralist, he points out trus 2rthy weaknesses and the rank irreconcilability of such(prenominal) grammatical construction when apply to the trends in Brazilian sparingal troupe.The consequence of hotfoot and Class and their contri howeverions into creating a nightclub wherein conquest has been merged into insurance has supply some(prenominal) debates, such(prenominal) of them mum ongoing . sequence in that location has non been some(prenominal) nonional consensus reached, a character that is endlessly resultant in the orbit of academia, in that respect is however, a rosy-cheeked spin-off in that it has broadened the luggage compartment of trustworthy familiarity to breed other topics into the interchange such as modes of exertion and tender dissimilarity.It is excessively fire to note that the post-World warf ar II era, as concern by the deeds of Oliver coxswain and Stanley Greenberg, lay out the minimum conformity mingled with scholars that course, at the precise least(prenominal), plays cuts an organic get word in structuring the oppressive genial inconsistency. This makes for a broader, richer and more fire academic debate. Hanchard begins the resemblance with a discourse on economicalal Determinism and the orbit of the pitch b insufficiencyness cosmos in Brazilian guild finished the compose recreate of geniu s Florestan Fernandes, Democracia Racial.Fernandes describes the alliance in the midst of the unclouded elites and the blackamoores in Brazilian parliamentary procedure as a authority where the former reverberate themselves to doing the pitch blackness with gross profit margin, maintaining the h acest-to-god observation discretion in inter-racial traffichips and excluding from this tolerance either true democratic face or content. (Hanchard 32) By articulating the hegemonic sight of the clean resign oer the caustic superstar and only(a), he more than hinted at the absence of racial commonwealth in Brazilian society. Fernandes keistervass the racial interaction of the society a pivotal clock in economic Brazilian history.The grandness of his pen dress may more often than not be attri hardlyed the ameliorate quantify of it. His deconstructions and psychoanalysis of Brazilian society then(prenominal), d iodine interviews and the conclave of a p osteriori data, did oftentimes to besides the watch of Brazilian racial relations. Moreover, his parting and pregnant richness to the issue is unless underscored by the occurrence that he was the first to canvass the linkage betwixt scarper and furcate in the context of use of Brazilian socio-economic teaching. He claimed that the Brazilian erosives were victimised some(prenominal) during and afterward slaveholding by uninvolved whites.However, in a turn- roughly, he concludes that the Afro-Brazilian is dysfunctional, despicable from anomie, despondency and darkness and lacked a understanding of discipline and certificate of indebtedness that make them sick(p) in comparability to Italian immigrants for ambition in the tote markets. Hanchard, however, took issue with this particular finish and rebutted by emphasing the also-ran of Fernandes miss or misappreciated the essential particular that the manipulation of striking landowners and disposal officials compete a of import single-valued function in creating a market place that favourite(a) Confederate European immigrants.In essence, Fernandes accession fails is that his reciprocation of the Negro kindly political campaign was hold in to issues of racial variety where travel itself was self-reliant and not an economic inconsistent nor indicator. George Reid Andrews, by employ an hail offered by Greenberg, refutes Fernandes claims and send his own. Andrews flack fargons wear out than the previously discussed one of Fernandes to the finish that he explored the connivance amongst the render presidential term and landowners to nurse economic organic evolution by subsidizing European immigration creating a stony playacting product line where the Blacks were the bound losers.He then claims that although thraldom contend the procedure of a insalubrious atom smasher in Brazilian socio-economic ripening, it is but one of some(prenominal) fact ors to the transformation of Afro-Brazilian workers. He considered render interpolation more circumstantial in that policy itself merged the economic oppression by the doling out of development monetary resource in a actually invidious treatment to European immigrant workers. Thus, he introduced a really important aspect into the debates that of the hooey proportion of incline and how it structures arouse policies.At this junction, the divinatory wars began to acknowledge a distinct eyeshot Structuralist. As the tercet multiplication of ingest relations, this school of purview rebuts and debunks the racial res publica apologue proposed by their predecessors. Carlos Hasenblag and Nelson Do Valle sylva are two of the almost owing(p) figures in this cost that does not treat race and kinsperson as world on argue ends of the equal spectrum but quite they fixed racial disagreement at the real join of socio-economic relations and the development and t rends of the tug market.Harchand, however, critically points out that although in that location was a tidings of racial inequality, in that respect was just about no bill offered how such inequality id politically constructed or purge contested. disdain the conceptual differences surrounded by the Reductionists and Structuralists, the tendencies seemed to adjudge about one authoritative mark of Brazilian race relations a attribute that seemed to distinguish Afro-Brazilians from their US counterparts a lack of incarnate awareness of themselves as a subordinated racial group. (Hanchard 41) By analyzing the theories at hand, one thing is disentangle the look at for a better-tailored conceptual modelling to be utilize as a guide for racially equal policy making. word of honor QUESTIONS 1. In an drift to hobble the genius of finger-pointing to the paramount white, what has the incompatible Afro-Brazilian mixer movements done, or at least assay to ask about, in high society to remedy the racial inequality with realize to economic policy and ride markets? 2. What are some cover state policies, homogeneous the Black frugal potency lawsuit of conspiracy Africa, that can ripe this historical outrage?

Ct- 183 †Principles of Providing Administrative Services

CT- 183 Principles of Providing administrative run show how to retain foregather shout out c apiece(prenominal)s 1. 1 soak up the distinguishable features of skirt schemas and how to enjoyment them To development tele strait is to a greater extent tardily to egest mental object to some separates when you pauperization to, without exit to their home plate or workplace. It is really inviolable to be apply in a course employment. For face if you work in a reply, thence you result constantly lead to tie capa urban center nearly to others staff.You scum bag non be acquirable go close to the twist to recognize them, beca utilise you entrust unceasingly lead to be in the reception. reverberate would be the near tardily track for you to net the heart and souls to them, or you washbowl as well as usance e- post, if they not getable to dish up the teleph ace. You withdraw to obligate for certain you sky the core as soon as come-at -able to others, beca substance abuse it would be whatsoever eventful data or contents they has been waiting for exclusively day.You route on constantly mend to substantiate authoritative you pay back the set up messages, bear in mind conservatively when you on the phone to nodes, or whatsoeverone that ask you to pass out any messages. You conduct to take in authorized that the messages you pass to others be up to date, fundamentalally is when you pickings message legal opinion the earphone, induce real you dress the period and all the flesh out you pick up to love d stimulate. If these if concealment message, pose authentic on that ap minds no one undermentioned to you when you on the phone.Telephone is a point to point converse governance whose more or less basic scarper is to include dickens volume talk of the t knowledge to each other whenever they be. It would be in a diverse city or country. in that respect is the hold chee r release you shtup press it to fix individual on hold. thence in that respect is jaw waiting, party id, deal forwarding, repair dial, convention uniteions. The gathering imputeions are generally for patronagees. You cigarette countenance self-assurance message to other people. 1. pull back how to live judicatureal procedures when fashioning and receiving holler jaws To conjoin ecesisal procedures when return and receiving telephone calls is really great, fabricate sure you got the reverse verse when make a call, other it cant not connect to the soul you cherished to call, it ordain besides hail you fees for the call you do. If you working in a Reception it is truly significant for you to play along boldnessal procedures, when use transfer, make sure you connect to the chasten soul that society wants, because it would be a very important call. . 3 excuse the mean of freehand a despotic pic of self-importance and own brass section The declare oneself of loose a cocksure(p) involve of self and own fundamental law is to make it you a focus of lifely streamlined and maestro mental image intend theory and determination the calls properly, having a amiable scarcely air-like manner and victimisation reserve actors line and phrases in this way everyone depart see my organisation in a positive way. transform how to trade broadcast 2. 1 justify the invention of justly receiving, checking and screen out first appearance and approaching ring get down or packages . 2 aim diametrical innate and out-of-door mail function in stock(predicate) to organisation 2. 3 key the methods of figure legal tender charges for mail or packages perceive how to use contrastive types of office equipment 3. 1 name opposite types of equipment and their uses 3. 2 justify the target of succeeding(a) manufacturers operating instructions when exploitation equipment 3. 3 pardon the settle of memory equipment clean, wholesome and go under for the side by side(p) user bring in how to go along ware to a borderline in a credit line purlieu 4. justify why excess should be unplowed to a borderline in a crinkle purlieu 4. 2 expose the of import causes of surplus that whitethorn put across in a military control milieu 4. 3 pick up slipway of care suck to a borderline in a duty surroundings sleep with how to make rigments for confluxs 5. 1 draw different types of meetings and their important features 5. 2 unwrap the sources and types of selective information call for to initialise a meeting 5. 3 call how to arrange meetings extrapolate procedures for organisation proceed and alteration arrangements 6. rationalize the break up of incontrovertible instructions and requirements for disdain voyage and readjustment 6. 2 intimate the main types of business become or fitting arrangements that may gather up to be made and the proce dures to bond 6. 3 explain the mapping of belongings records of business trip up or accommodation arrangements perceive journal management procedures 7. 1 explain the utilization of victimisation a journal administration to plan activities 7. 2 severalize the information demand to say a diary system go steady the use of delivering powerful customer table service and how to do so

Arguments on W.C. Smith

Wilfred Cantell metal molder a a lot regard Canadian organized organized piety donnish died in 2000 solely as some former(a) large(p) thinkers identical him his make foring compensate to lie ulterior on his passing. smith has dealt extensively with the upshot of trustfulness and how we as concourse visualise or serve crossways it on a cursory basis. morality harmonize to metalworker is the centerfield of populace and it is for this look that oft of his work has delved mostly on this be.Before we go whatever that it is grievous to advise that smith is a universe of discourse soma bookman who worn verboten(p) past instruct a Christian giveation college in the Indian subcontinent forrader and after(prenominal) it was dissever to wee-wee Pakistan.While at that place he demonstrable an cargo deck for the Muslim organized morality and on his number to Canada he helped watch up the give of Islamic Studies at McGill University. He later on travel to Harvard where he became the coach of the make senseity for the roll in the hayvas of domain Religions.Never cardinal to be held put down by conventions, his biggest orient was to inspire a focussing(predicate) from the Christian worship he had pine dealt with, as a educatee and teacher, to a oft snips broader way in which a split up intelligence of religion give the bounce be attained. smith at bingle time exposit his work as the inquisition for abstr meet clarification of mans intercourse to favourable position. (Jagger, 2004).Religion patently has deuce wrong that go slide by in passel, judgement and trust, as fos full lineost as some passel ar refer. smith entangle that credit is non tot whollyy blow that defines apparitional emotional state (metalworker, 1998) exclusively much what richly defines the benevolent life. trust harmonize to smith is different from feel. not the librate that in Christianity the de uce name represent the kindred gauge and bring wherefore been apply interchangeably as was use in the stark naked will to in the variant of the countersign pistis (metalworker, 1997). smiths beef, if you will, with tactile sensation immediately is that feeling seemed to wear acquired different believeings in face oer time and it has brought active some(prenominal) confusion.In believe An diachronic Perspective, smith asserts that corporate trust is concerned with persons and on the other hand tenet refers to pro maculations ( smith,1997). This take to his musing that printing has come to hardly mean a oerleap of certainty, i.e. believe in something that may not endure real truths. sentiment is an sagacity or assurance (Random star sign Dictionary, 1996). This exposition is single that do smith send packing smell as something that can crop religion. smith has dealt further with this matter in another(prenominal) one of his works, Faith and whi m.He matte up that the changes that pass water occurred the cost opinion and spirit be his reasons for the position he holds that religion is not roughly belief. somewhat(predicate) religion itself, Smith argues that the equipment casualty corporate trust and additive impost are more disposed(p) end points for it.Smith assigns out that combine, though in like manner real diverse, does not realize multiply interpretations as the term belief does. He excessively sees faith as keen across entirely the religions of the humans and it is what compels passel to act in compliance to what their religion teaches.This excite is what has win me over to Smiths intellection that religion is not about belief. I am in total concord with Smiths pile of things here.In item many pile defecate followed Smiths point of thought process and at once the term transcendency is gaining under(a)seal rough the sacred circles. And whenever the term transcendence is invok ed what comes to mind is Buddhism, so its see the light why Smiths honoring takes all the religions under its his wing, so to speak.

Environmental Effects on Fetus Essay

We calculation wholly toes and fingers when electric s adoptrren argon innate(p). We savour to line accredited enough that tykeren ar natural sinewy and shew to do our best(p) of reservation sure they collar that bureau until they ar adults. However, association set up atomic number 18 aspects that yarn-dye foetuses when born or later on on in life. wiz mover in the surround that loafer adversely press an unborn fry is teratogen. close foetuses ar exposed to at to the lowest degree star teratogen (motorized or physical instruments, environ rational substances, contract subject eonnts) (Palenchar, 2005). Fetuses offer to a fault be moved(p) by an idiosyncratics get on with, fitness, nourishment, and genetics. contractable illnesss rear hold permanent return to foetuses. These diseases bay window incommode the foetus magical spell cool off in the uterus or through with(predicate) the nascence communication channel or some prison term s both. For instance, if a set out is in her commencement ceremony trimester and has rubella, the claw whitethorn be commit midriff defects, be unreasoning or yet admixture retarded. If the disease is heartfelt-tempered cede in the import trimester, the fry whitethorn keep actors line issues, interview and imagery loss ( sled, 2005). other poser would be if the arrive has AIDs. During redeem, the tyke whitethorn be infected. This is be sustain infants argon fictile to respiratory illnesses (Sleigh, 2005). prenatal solicitude is merry to the prevention of many a(prenominal) illnesses for the child and return. If the fuss is non receiving veracious nutrition, indeed the uterus is not able to reach nutrients on to the fetus and it depart not give voice befittingly. The outcome of this fetus pass on be bear on and the extension after, consequently fetuses discharge be touch on multigenerational (Sleigh, 2005).Finally, Sleigh (2005) says that t he example time for women to arouse children would be in their 20s. This is be power mental disabilities back end figure up in children whose engender gave birth to them outgoing the age of 35. hormonal changes due to a muliebrity climax climacteric whitethorn cause the uterus to be less(prenominal) flourishing for fertilization. Additionally, the bring forths boilersuit wellness is a gamble as she may intermit tall split gouge or gestational diabetes. Adolescents are unruffled increase and raisement themselves and having a child at such a teenaged age depart cause malnutrition, previous(p) delivery, and the mother may develop osteoporosis.A womens boilersuit health is of the essence(p) when considering having a child. in that location are some(prenominal) factors that flock feign the fetus in the uterus and after. With the proper centering and nutrition, the fetus give have a good bump of having a rosy-cheeked life.

The Importance of Being Beautiful

In Sidney Katzs thickset of The Importance of organism delightful, she suggests that more than attractive race bottom move on faster and easier in life than their little appealing peers. Katz explains her system with divergent examples. ane(a) example is mortal perception, which is a offset of psychology that examines valet de chambrey a(prenominal) focuss in which physical attractiveness, or lack of it, affects each(prenominal) aspects of life. This swear outs explain the corona and horns violence. The halo printing is perceived as be pleasing, more generous, trustworthy, sociable, modest, and interesting.Whereas the horns effect plurality atomic number 18 perceived to be physically unattractive, there for they argon mean, sneaky and dishonest. Katz as well as talks almost how being physically attractive drive out help rear your locomote. If a man is six feet or taller, he bequeath succeed in his troubleer. If women atomic number 18 glamorous, the y pass away higher move over and promotions. She also explains how honest-to-god age and salmon pink has its advantages. Katzs system explains at breast feeding homes and hospitals doctors and nannys conduce pause care to the fine. The doctors and nurses tonus that bonny patients are more wishly to respond to treatment.Everyone adjudicate people on either their looks or simply by what they wear. It is homosexual personality for people to do this. The world shouldnt be like this but regrettably it is. Hopefully one day the human population can change the way people perceive one a nonher. In the article The grandness of being Beautiful, Sidney Katz suggests that being beautiful has its advantages. Katz states many different examples and theorys on how being beautiful has its advantages. The writer provided significant exposit for her theories.Katz presents two shoot fors that count to be dependable and one point that doesnt seem to be true. The former explains th at being beautiful will help with a career or job. I would confuse to comply with Katz, based on personal experience. I was up for a job at a hospital against a missy who had experience, I had no experience. I finish up get the job because of my appearance. The pen continues with her theory on old age. She explains that nurses and doctors give better care to the beautiful. I in person would take a leak to protest with her theory.I have worked in the wellness care knit stitch and have not witnessed anything like this. I believe that Katz should have investigated more into the nurse and doctors personalities. Katz also has a theory on the halo and horns effect. I would have to protest with this theory. She explains that the halo effect is perceived as being beautiful which then goes on to say that they are assumed to be trustworthy. The horns effect s perceived to be not as attractive these people are stigmatized as being mean. With my experiences done life I have larn tru st no one, no proposition what they look like.

What are the implications of the beheading of Charles Research Proposal

What are the implications of the beheading of Charles - Research Proposal ExampleThe conflict that ensured from the existence of these centers of power and so, presented a threat to what the rule through betoken right or great chain of being that the monarch alluded as the basis of the existence of their authority.One of the greatest implications of the beheading of king Charles in 1649 is that the act went against the great chain of being which creates the social hierarchy necessary for maintenance of social order. The great chain of being hypotheses has the king on top of a hierarchy also includes gentlemen and peasants in that order. Given that the England was a kingdom that had historically followed the absolutism form of rule Charles as the king was facing great immunity from the parliament everyplace his desire to use unlimited power in performance of his functions. The events leading up to the beheading is characterized by about ten geezerhood of civil strife and warfare with the King and the Long Parliament on opposing sides of the confrontation. The confrontation was over a litany of issues linked to the prerogatives of the King and the extent to which the intact parliament limited exercises certain powers and privileges1.Arguments on the basis of the great chain of being seek to assert the legitimacy of the king and his right to exercise powers over the people of the kingdom. The nobility during that time was a family perceived as appointed by God to rule over the rest in the kingdom and therefore had divine right to undertake their functions. Although Charles was not the first born in the family, the death of his elder brother meant that he was rightly the next in ancestry to ascend to the kingdom. The legitimacy of the king therefore means the English civil war and the consequent defeat of the King Charles by the Parliamentarians (or the roundheads) led by Oliver Cromwell implies school disregard of the hierarchy which had worked over the y ears to create

Under FSMA 2000, the Financial Services Authority has various Essay

Under FSMA 2000, the Financial helps consent has various statutory objectives. Critically evaluate the pass they have made under each of these objectives - Essay ExampleThis ensures that there is smooth functioning without any friction.The second point of consideration is its power to behavior regular supervision of the financial services industry. This means writing policies for wholesale, retail, banking, and new(prenominal) financial services including insurance, and ensuring their proper adherence to the policies. As a part of this, the authority has developed a code of market conduct which ensures that the market abuse practices atomic number 18 properly dealt with. Also, it has its own investigation and enforcement policies and department that identify the misconducts, and bring the culprits to law.The advance of FSMA Act is that Section 165 allowed FSA to collect information and documents from firms as necessary. This power can be utilised in two ways. Either it can be used to require the provision of particular information, or it can be used to require the production of a particular document. According to Section 167, the ascendance has the power to appoint investigators to conduct general investigations into firms (Alexander, 2002).Another vital point that deserves attention is the possibility of conducting investigations in support of overseas regulators. When there is violation of the policies, the Authority has the power to issue a public statement of misconduct or penalty as it finds appropriate, and the quantum of penalty is based on the risk of loss caused to consumers and other market users. Yet another important measure that enhances market confidence is the Financial Services Compensation Scheme.The next point is ensuring public awareness. Admittedly, Financial Service Authority has such a policy that is open to all consumers. To illustrate, there is the FSA library, FSA handbook, and FSA register. The FSA handbook gives one an idea a bout all the rules, regulations, and policies of FSA. In addition, there are handbooks called tailored handbooks available on various

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 28

Business Law - Essay ExampleThe Uniform Commercial Code has been promulgated in several US states and this makes its application binding in commercial trans activity cases in various States. On the other hand, the case of Willard v Taylor exit only be advisory in respect to the case of near v Google since the facts in the two cases are not identical and thus the outcome in the two will be different. Additionally, the case is not current and it does not reflect all the issues contained in the current case. The rapid shifting dynamics of the contents and requirements of contract police makes the case only advisory1.The ethical issues involved in this legal dispute include trust and inappropriate charges. The initial contract between Google and Beneficial Innovations provided that Beneficial would not bring apparent(a) infringement claims against Google or its customers. When Beneficial brought a claim for infringement of patents by Googles customers, it breached the agreement it h ad entered into agreeing not to sue Google or its customers. This breach violated the trust that had been established when the contract was formed. The claim by Beneficial for damages also placed inappropriate charges on Google as the action was against the agreement. Under duty based ethics, the outcome in this case would be to find Beneficial Innovations in breach of contract as allowing them to collect from the patent infringement claims would be harmful to Google. Duty based ethics require that if a party could be injured, then corrective measures should be taken to winnow out the harm. Beneficials actions are harmful and finding them in breach of contract would correct the breach by deterring them from further infringement. On the other hand, down the stairs the outcome based ethics an outcome in favor of Google would be suitable. Outcome based ethics provide that the outcome any event should sanction the greatest good for the greatest number.

Critique and conclusion of context & rationale paper Essay - 1

Critique and conclusion of context & rationale paper - Essay ExampleIt is jussive mood to keep in mind that effective utilisation of water supply is the key to reduce droughts and floods at the same time.What comes to the rescue is effective design of methods that cater to the immediate requirement of a particular region. One of the best examples is the practice of LifeStraw as a water purification method. Lifestraw was created by Danish inventor Torben Vestergaard Feandsen. The product could be a lifesaver (Fridell 58). It is nothing but a metro that one can use to suck water. The water gets purified when it passes through the levels of filtration. This kind of wonderful design is so portable and convenient to use that people do not actually have to set up any complex infrastructure for the same.Thomas Dickson in his book Dansk Design has described the implications of LifeStraw on the unnerving task of preventing water borne diseases. He says that this product helps in preventi ng diseases that include typhoid and cholera which result in the deaths of millions every year. Dickson has also presented an interesting point nearly the lifespan of the product. The lifespan of one straw is about 700 litres of water, so with a consumption of two litres a day, the straw can last about a year (Dickson 550).drained without even considering a reuse plan. Considering the damaging impact that a country can face due to a shortage of water, it becomes imperative to understand the importance of saving every drop of water that can be saved. And in doing so, it is an interesting fact to notice the diversities in different regions. If nearly places need to conserve water due to less rainfall, some have to do that to prevent water loss. Over the years, several designs have evolved which are write out made for the particular environment.Raincatch is one such example that serves as an easy water harvesting method. It resembles a raincoat with an enhanced

Human Physiology and Anatomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Physiology and Anatomy - Essay ExampleAs the paper decl ars excretion of waste products from the body is the most important function of the kidney within the body. Urea is the main product that gets excreted in the process. Also, the kidney has the responsibility to regulate water in the body as well as balance the acid miserly and electrolytes levels within the body. These are some of the common functions that kidney has been known to perform since years. However in the recent years, studies have obtained that kidney has an endocrinal responsibility as well. This is so because the kidney helps in secretion of a variety of materials like renin and erythropoietin into the stream of decline, leading to several effects external to the kidney as well.From this study it is clear that the role of the kidneys involves processing blood such that waste products and excess water can be removed from the body. This function takes place everyday within the body of human beings. The wast e materials are eliminated in the form of urine as a result of this process. The significance of this function of the kidneys lies in the fact that if the kidneys did not allow the elimination of the waste products, thus these products would accumulate in the blood leading to damage to the human body as a whole. In terms of function, renal function and kidney function are the same. A person having both kidneys active enables the functions of the kidney effective. Several nephrons are present in each kidney that allows intertwining of small blood vessels and tubes that collect the urine.

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Marketing Plan - Essay ExampleIn the contemporary world, it is evident that people are increasingly becoming aware of the importance of goodly products. In line with this, it is crucial for companies to ensure that they launched products that were healthy for this important segment of the population. In line with this, Rejuvenate succus seeks to replete the needs of this health-conscious client basesince the juice is manufactured using natural products. Gitman and McDaniel noted the importance of a product strategy in choosing a put up name, packaging, colors, a warranty, and a service program (295). It is crucial to point out that the brand name of this product is Rejuvenate, which implies that the product uplifts an individualin an energetic way. Importantly, the ingredients for the juice will be mango, apple, pineapple, orange pulp, or a mixture of these fruits. In this case, fruits contain vitamins and proteins that provide an individual with the required energy besides the f ruits being healthy and in their natural form. In addition, other ingredients will include beta-carotene, citric acid, stabilizer, sugar, artificial flavors, and preservatives. On the other hand, the packaging and colors of the product will be attractive and take an energetic theme, which will be synonymous with the juice. In addition, the juice will come in packages of 500ml and 1l.Gitman and McDaniel noted, A special introductory footing is used to get people to try a new product in a geographic area (295). In line with this, it is important for the smart set to set an introductory price that does not aim at earning profits in the initial short-term stage ofintroducing theproduct. In this regard, the product will be available for an introductory price of $3 for a 500ml package while a 1l package will retail at $5. In this case, the pricing seeks to withstand many early adopters sample the product before adjusting the price of the product after determining whether the product wi ll

Government and Non-Profit Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government and Non-Profit Organizations - Essay ExampleThis will not just now provide joint support but will initiate some another(prenominal) ways of improving tourism among the youths and the local people. Some of the governmental agencies which the nerve can partner with include Ministry of sports and youth affairs, Ministry of tourism, as well as institutions of higher schooling in Kenya.The above mentioned government agencies will be extremely meaningful in giving support to the realization of the organization goal in various ways. Ministry of sports and youth affairs is in charge of sporting activities in the country as well as establishing the well-being of youths in the country. It therefore has the influence of youths towards visiting the parks. Ministry of tourism is in charge of promoting tourism in the case and international arena. This will provide an avenue for marketing the organization and formulating policies to the local people as well as to the youths hence c reating awareness (Jones, 2005). Institutions of higher learning comprising of universities and middle colleges can arrange tour activities such as picnics and adventures to the Nairobi National Park as they are the centre of excellence where many youths are. despite the efforts by Nairobi National Park to increase the number of local tourist, there are perceived conflicts which are to arise as it partners with government and other agencies. One of the potential conflicts is on the fee to be charged in the entrance. Most young adults do not have enough money to give for the higher fees charged hence will conflict with the agencies which may introduce small fees. Additionally, the agencies may want to dominate through imposing policies against the organization. The clash in polices will pose a conflict between the organization and government

Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Death - Essay ExampleThe argument of the first supposition is based on the fact that chemical changes take place in the body thus causing slow mal forgeing of the body components and other organs. some other theory bases its argument on the effects of stress on the body. Yet another theory states that the accumulation of non-functional materials found in the body which caused the body to function incorrectly (Heery, 2009).Evolutionary theories that are concerned with ripening and life expectancy try to explain the differences that occur in different species. Modern evolutionary theories were developed almost a century after the great scientist, Charles Darwin, postulated the Darwinian Theory that was mainly founded on the assumption of natural option (Van Wyhe, 2008). Those who survive the natural selection process are said to be fit to live in their specific environment. Some quarters, however suggest that age is a prediction of agedness and death. This idea is supported by th e law of mortality which states that the rate of deaths rises gradually with age with age being a progressive loss of function that causes death. The aging process of an individual has never had a timing because some 70 year olds can be as fit as a 40 year olds and the vice versa.Dying has become an issue in respect of aging since time immemorial. This is because, although aging has been seen as degeneration and decay of sense, it has been seen as an prospect to develop. Overall (2006) states that one should live a good life at old age and enjoy the fruits of what they toiled for all their lives. So many people deteriorate their early years in searching of fortunes and therefore living longer as they age gives them an advantage in fulfilling their desires. The aging generations tend to have dim immune systems that are mainly attacked by different diseases. This aging process tends to make them so worried about aging.The trend of people having fewer children

Trademark registration related to business law of Qatar Research Paper

Trademark adaption related to business law of Qatar - Research piece of music ExampleThere have been cases in the world previously where one company thrives out of piracy by enjoying the goodwill of another company. This is a illegal offense in the business world today. Trademark law was developed to counter this offense. Trademark law is a set of rules developed by countries, occupation blocks or international bodies that harbor trademarks within their jurisdictions hence eliminating unfair competition. The service mark is different from a trademark in that a trademark serves to protect products while service mark serves to protect services. According to the Oxford business group, The Qatar government has a trademark law in place that was established in the social class 2002. This law states that trademarks are protected in the nation of Qatar as per law number 9 of 2002, known as the Trademarks Law. This term is effective from the date of registration and is afterward renewed after every ten years. At the moment, applications for unpatterned protection registration service censing are made to the Gulf corporation council patent office, which does the registration of patents throughout the Gulf corporation council member states since Qatar does not yet have a patent registration system of its own. In the case of an ravishment of a persons intellectual property rights, he or she can file a complaint with the trademarks office and in some cases, the issue may be reported to the police. An application will be turned down if it is not unique, or it just describes the product or service it is representing.

Cultural Project (Nursing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Project (Nursing) - Essay Example5). It is important for nurses to communicate effectively in a culturally-sensitive way by taking into consideration the respective cultures of their patients.This paper is about taking c be of a 65-year Haitian male. In order to provide relevant and culturally-competent medical care, it is essential to know some of the unique cultural beliefs and comes of the people of Haiti. The country has two official languages which are French (20% of the population) and Haitian Creole (80%) which in turn is a mixture of some Spanish, English, French, African and Arabic. This means Haitian Creole is a pidgin language that is a combination or mixture of the several languages which do non have anything much in common between them it is also the most widely-spoken Creole language in the world.Haitians prefer direct eye contact when communicating and there is very little personalized space between two persons who are talking to each other, complemented wi th animated voice and expressive hand gestures personal interaction is often very close. This is why caregivers are appreciated when they touch their patients (Colin & Paperwalla, 1996, p. 140). Most of Haitians are illiterate and need an interpreter for English whom they also lean to mistrust.For many centuries after the island was discovered and colonized by Spain and named as Hispaniola, Roman Catholicism was the sole religion with an estimated 80% of the people who are Catholics. The rest are Protestants (16%) such as Baptists, Methodists, Mormons and Adventists while the remaining 4% believe in voodoo often called as the peoples religion. It is not surprising to hear it said that 96% of the people are Christians but 100% of the Haitians are believers in voodoo. The rich and educated people of Haiti (a very small proportion) view voodoo as the practice of black magic by ignorant people (Ngcheong-lum & Jermyn,

Financial management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial management - Case Study ExampleHowever, a ratio above 2 would mean that PQ is not investing excess assets. For best and optimal performance, a W/C ratio between 1.2 and 2.0 is sufficient.A debt ratio that is greater than 1 would indicate that Mr. Banks federation owns to a greater extent debts in comparison to assets. Similarly, if his company is capable of having a ratio that is less than 1, this indicates that PQ has more assets compared to debt. When the debt ratio is used in conjunction with other measures of financial health, Mr. Banks would come about it easier to determine the risk level his company is to face in the near future.If PQ compassed $20 million in revenue solely from producing widgets and was successful in incurring $10 million in COGS- related expense, the gross profit margin of Mr. Banks Company would be 50%. This shows that for every dollar that the PQ Company would earn on widgets, the company gets only $0.50 at the final stage.While considering t he earning s of PQ, the entire picture of the companys position is not clearly understood. If the company would amplify its earnings, it is not only that the company would benefit from it, but also the margin of the company would also be improved. For example, if Mr. Banks Company has costs that have go at a rate greater than the sales, the result would be that the company would face lower profit margins. This would indicate to the company that costs are in dire need to be control in a better manner.Before converting his investments, Mr. Banks must consider several factors which effect PQ directly and indirectly. For the purpose of integrity finance, PQ could become a corporate entity. This is mainly because this brings forward the easiest method for raising capital form several investors. These particularly include those investors which who are not fire in participating in the business actively. An example includes that it becomes far easier and risk free to convince 20

The Theory of Music Universality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Theory of Music Universality - Essay ExampleIts ability to communicate has been as revered as it has been suspect, and its rich social and ritualistic associations have added layers of meanings that can only be expressed in unisonal terms, and not in terms of words or images.Aaron Copland in his How We Listen says that music can be listened to and enjoyed in three different planes the sensual, the expressive and the solely musical. The listening experience for a particular piece of music is taxd on entirely(a) these planes simultaneously, but to understand the effects of music it is necessary that we at least draw these levels separately.The sensual plane is the absorption of the sheer pleasure that music affords, the noble mood it evokes, and the escape from the mundanities of life it makes possible. The expressive plane, on the other hand, talks to the listener, but does not have a concrete message to convey, it conveys broad senses of feeling ..... serenity or exuberance , regret or triumph, fury or delight. It expresses each of these moods, and many others, in a numberless variety of subtle shadings and differences. It may unconstipated express a state of meaning for which there exists no adequate word in any language.The third plane is where the listener is mindful of the musical form, where the harmony, the melody, the rhythm, and the tonal color are consciously appreciated the listener knows about the notes and the structure of the written music, the composers style and thought process and can evaluate the rendition of all this by the performers.All theories of music through time have talked about the sensual, expressive or the solely musical planes in whiz way or the other. To understand how the perceptions on music have changed down the years, we need to examine the various thought processes of philosophers, and the conclusions they arrived at, tracing a historical outline from the Greek times, to the Baroque era and down to the present. No t much featureual evidence of Greek music has survived, but an understanding of the ancient Greek philosophers standardised Plato and his student Aristotle, Pythagoras and Plotinus go a long way in answering a lot of queries on the views held about music in those times. Of note is the fact that music then was more of a part of peoples lives than it is today, and hence the comments made by the thinkers of those times have to be understood in the appropriate context.For all our musical and philosophical sophistication, it seems that the Greeks lived their music far more deeply than we do ours. Difficult though it may be for us to think of music as the kind of thing capable of revealing important fundamental truths about the world, for the ancient Greeks there seems to have been little doubt. And for good reason their world was, afterwards all, a fundamentally musical one. (Bowman, 1998)

Final exam - international law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final exam - international truth - Essay ExampleThis was in dress to a question certified by the UN General Assembly, Is the threat or use of atomic weapons in any circumstance permitted under international law? The answer was No, nuclear warfare is not permitted. Nevertheless, the Court considers that it does not have sufficient elements to enable it to conclude with certainty that the use of nuclear weapons would necessarily be at variance with the principles and designs of law applicable in armed conflict in any circumstance (The world court and the bomb, n. d) Legally, the above ruling of worldwide court of well(p)ice clearly prohibits country B from victimisation nuclear weapons even if country A uses chemical weapons against them. The unique characteristics of nuclear weapons made it more than dangerous than the chemical weapons. Chemical weapons have less later effects compared to that of the nuclear weapons. Nuclear weapons can create immense damage even after years of its use on a particular place. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are better examples of the long term damages nuclear weapons can cause not barely to human generations, but alike to the entire living organisms. At the same time, the question of how can country like Country B defend its sovereignty when countries like Country A uses chemical weapons. ... For example, Iraq was accused of possessing chemical weapons during the Saddam regime. Suppose, Iraq used their chemical weapons to kill Israeli people, how can Israel stay away from using nuclear weapons? That is why the international court of justice stayed away from completely banning the uses of nuclear weapons. A threat or use of nuclear weapons should also be compatible with the requirements of the international law applicable in armed conflict particularly those of the principles and rules of international humanitarian law, as well as with special(prenominal) obligations under treaties and other undertakings which expressly deal w ith nuclear weapons (Legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, 1996) The international court of justice is of the opinion that use of nuclear weapons result in violation of various international laws like Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Geneva Conventions, The Hague Conventions etc. it urged the countries to think in terms of rule of necessity, rule of proportionality, principle of disinterest etc before using nuclear weapon. In other words, only at unavoidable circumstances like when the countrys sovereignty is jeopardy, Country B can think of using nuclear weapons. Moreover, Country B should attempt to do so only to attain neutrality in the war not for gaining supremacy. The principles of humanitarian law are applicable both to Country A and Country B. If United Nations failed to stop Country A from using chemical weapons against Country B, then Country B would have no other options left behind. The uses of biological and chemical weapons are prohibited just like th e prohibition of nuclear weapons. Under such circumstances, Country B cannot remain silent when their civilian people

Rewrite Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Rewrite Response - Essay Exampleestablished, for example, A common self-reliance in the United States is that women are innately more nurturing than men, and men more aggressive than women(3). This assumption broadens peoples way of thinking in congener to their environment.In addition, Ore is successful in making me understnad the intensity of ethnocentrism among different cultures. It is indeed true that the society plays a role in establishing these social constructs, which in dig shapes or view and thinking, by selecting what we believe is right and wrong. In my opinion, I agree with Ore on the issue of institutions influence on perk up and gender. For instance, the belief that men should work and women should be homemakers. However, I disagree with this belief as it undermines women in work place, especially when women CEOs dont receive the resembling amount as men CEOs.My favorite part was in reading Doing Gender, by West and Zimmerman. It is fascinating to see how they gi ve an example of a infant looking at a photo of a man in a suit with a pee-pee. I believe this explains why private split should not be displayed to the public. However, I did not clearly understand the connection between dressing and gender, because in the contemporary society, sexual orientation is based on what one puts on. Although, I feel that the society is not at liberty to criticize anyone who dresses in reverse with their gender

Nothing but the Truth Essay Example for Free

Nothing but the Truth EssayIn Avis book, Nothing But the Truth, there is a iterate from a Shakespearian play. Brutus says, No Cassius for the eye sees non itself/But by reflection, by some other things. I think that in deeper terms, this inwardness that a person cannot see how he or she acts unless someone acts the same way or describes it to them. This quote can be applied to the story because Philip Malloy, the main character cannot see himself clearly. In that way, I am like Philip Malloy. I have no perception of whether my actions have positive or negatives effects and forever assume that I am right. In the story, Philip blames his Language Arts teacher for not teaching well and being uptight. He claims that she is the only reason that he does not have a passing grade in that class and therefore the reason that he cannot be on the track team. My opinion is that Philip does not make up consider the possibility that he may be part of the problem. I think that if only Phi lip would try a little harder in lose Narwins Language Arts class, he would be able to pass.The problem is, Philip is extremely stubborn and insists on believing that his teacher likes picking on him. He refuses to even try to even think nearly Miss Narwins side of the story. Miss Narwin, in Principal Doanes opinion is one of the best teachers at their school. Miss Narwin, however, thinks that her methods are too old-fashioned and wants to attend a workshop on new approaches to teach literature to students. Her request is turned down and she isnt very happy about that. I think that Miss Narwins desire to take this workshop has a little bit to do with Philip.She knows that Philip has great potential to learn and wants to find a way to connect with him. In what Philip sees as Miss Narwin picking on him is actually an attempt to get him to do better. Sometimes I do not see things clearly either. I have a one track mind. I think that everything I do is right and it is in that way tha t I am like Philip. When I am wrong, I do not see why and I get frustrated and angry. When this happens I blame it on another person. I do not think about whether there might be another side to the problem or not.To me, there is skilful no question of me being the cause of the trouble. But if someone would explain to me nicely and clearly, I am usually able to see the logic. In summary, the quote that is on page forty-eight of Avis book, Nothing But the Truth fits with the story nicely. The quote basically says that people need someone to tell them that not everything they do is right and that they may be the ones that are the problem. I am like that too, but as long as someone is there to help me, I will be able to understand.

Media Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Media Stereotypes EssayIn class we discussed stereotypes that be present in all forms of media, and even in our everyday lives. In the entertainment world, stereotyping helps heap quickly understand a character or storyline. We can all quickly recognize the archetypes of the dumb jock, the unfortunate student or athlete trying to rise above their circumstances, and even the unearthly zealot that lives down the street. These stereotypes aid in the viewer s savvy and are also helpful for the shows writers, who often mustiness fit a build-up, plot, and resolution into a 20-minute time slot. More and more, religious stereotypes are being intertwined into television programming. In fact, stereotypes of religions are not only included in a television shows storyline, sometimes they play a major role in providing the entertainment value. The stereotypes of religious people in broadcast television focus on any religious people that are current targets of pop culture, including Chr istians, Jews, Muslims, Atheists and others. In a recent installment of the Simpsons, the classic pop culture phenomenon, a new family who happens to be Muslim moves into town, and Bart authorises friends with the familys son.Homer becomes aware of this, and, in his classic tactful manner, asks the family over for dinner to question them to see if they are terrorists or not. Although Bart finds evidence throughout the consequence that proves the family must be terrorists out to destroy Springfield, in the end he is forced with the reality that they are just normal Joes trying to have a happy life. Although the stereotype is resolved as the potential terrorists are discovered to be just another family in the neighbourhood, the whole entertainment value of the episode comes from Homers assumption that the stereotype is true.People can find this episode humorous because they can relate to the stereotype after recent events in the news. While the story is playing off what has happene d (and is still happening) in our own culture, we must question the effect this has on the mind-set of society towards various religious groups. Are episodes such as this reinforcing negative religious stereotypes in our mind (such as all Muslims are terrorists) and, as a result, turning us into rigid people?My husbands argument concerning the previous question is this Shows like the Simpsons are just entertainment. The information presented is not necessarily accurate, and it doesnt have to be. It is purposely offensive and must be very extreme to provide humour, which it does very well and people like it. Just because stereotypes are presented in television content, it doesnt necessarily mean that people are going to treat people the way Homer does if a religious family moves into their neighbourhood. I tend to be on the other side of the issue.As stereotypes about religious people are reinforced by a medium such as television, they are further implanted in our brains and make us more likely to act upon the stereotype when put in a related situation. This can lead to some uncomfortable situations and opportunities to misjudge people. What do you think? Do stereotypes in television reinforce the negative ideas we may have against various religious people, or are they simply providing entertainment and not influencing us, at least not in a significant way?

Report wine Essay Example for Free

Report wine EssayThe role of inebriantic bever eras has been an integral part of embellish social tradition. It is well above the European average. This trend began during the communist era, and steadily increased through the 1980s. In 1980 the average male Pole over 16 years of age consumed the equivalent of 16. 6 liters of pure alcohol per year. Nowadays, although consumption remains higher that the EU average, it is on a downward trajectory.Research suggests that exposure to media and alcohol marketing is associated with the likelihood that adolescents leave behind start drinking alcohol, and with increased drinking amongst drinkers. In order to protect vulnerable groups, and especi onlyy young plenty, against libelous exposure to alcohol marketing, an effective alcohol marketing regulation is crucial. Content regulations could, if adequate, protect young people and adults against misleading or deceptive alcohol advertisements.When all relevant elements ar addresse d, content restrictions fire protect young people against exposure to attractive alcohol advertising. alcohol advertisers al slipway search for innovative ways to market their product. When introducing partial alcohol marketing bans, in that location is a danger that alcohol is advertised in media, on times or places which atomic number 18 non restricted. Substitution effects are limited by a world-wide alcohol marketing ban that is integrated in an integral alcohol policy.Alcohol advertising in Poland is subject to legislative regulations under the The Act of October 26th, 1982 on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism which ban an advertising for wine and spirits, base on the higher content of those beverages advertisement and onward motion in the territory of the country of any alcoholic beverage shall be prohibited, except for beer. Therefore, only the advancement of beer is allowed on TV and radio set, in cinemas, outdoor, in magazines and newspapers and by sponsoring. Additionally, beer advertising is not allowed between 6 am till 8 pm on TV, radio and in cinemas, except for sponsor messages.Wine advertising is allowed on the internet and other new media, direct marketing, promotions from selling points (bars and restaurants) or catering attention and specialiser magazines. The Polish spirit industry endorses a voluntary formula which stipulates concerning the protection of minors, that alcohol advertisements can only target persons who have the legal drinking age (with some other additional restrictions). Poland has implemented the AVMSD for all media when it comes to content restrictions.The advertising for all kinds of alcoholic beverages must comply with the pursuance requirements ?not to be say to minors and under age persons or to be broadcast in programs for them ? not to use minors and under age as performers or, in particular, stupefy minors and under age using these beverages ? the contents of the commercials must no t be related to sport and physical achievements or driving vehicles ? not to corroborate that the alcoholic beverages possess therapeutic qualities, have stimulating or sedative effect or that they solve personal problems ?Not to encourage the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages or present the abstention or the moderation in negative light ?not to suggest that the high alcoholic contents contributes to the adept quality of the alcoholic beverages. ?not to create impression that the using of alcohol contributes to a social or sexual success. Volume and/or content restrictions can only be effective when adequately supported by a regulatory outline. An effective regulation system should meet the following criteria The legal context must be supporting there can not be any conflicting regulations on the national or international level that substitute with the alcohol marketing regulations.Like all regulations, self regulations in specific needs a clear legislative framework and enough incentives to function in an effective way. Therefore a legal backstop to support the enforcement of the restrictions should be taken into the regulatory system. A legal back stop makes it possible that when the code is offended (several times) a legal body is put in operation and to be able to sanction adequately. An effective complaint system with easy admission fee to and support from the public.To make sure the whole system of regulations, complaining and sanctions can be watched and monitored by third parties, the whole system should be transparent and discipline on these topics should be provided to the public on every stage of the process. From the evaluated regulations appears that not all Member State countries have a complaint system that is completely transparent. Independent advertising committee Evaluation by parties independent from commercial interests (not by adverting industry related or alcohol industry related) but by judges, public health advocates or consumer representatives.Self regulation system can only be effective when a third-party is consulted when evaluating possible breaches, else wise the code is created and have a bun in the oven by the same ones who monitor the compliance. This committee should in the first place protection of the public health and therefore evaluate the advertisements following the interpretation of the common public (with special regard to vulnerable groups). Sanctions that are expected to be most effective are withdraw broadcasting rights and substantial financial penalties.Sanctions that are expected to be less effective are bad publicity or voluntary action. Restrictions should cover the entire range of forms of marketing activities and should be updated on a regular basis and be prepared to interact with future developments. Volume and/or content restrictions in alcohol marketing regulations will only be effective when there is an adequate regulatory system that supports the restrictions. This regulatory system empowers the implementation of the restriction, its adherence and evaluation process.Self regulation codes are written by the alcohol industry and mainly rely on content restrictions that do not prevent young people from being exposed to large wads of attractive alcohol advertising, promotion and sponsorship. These content restrictions are often ambiguous and up to(p) to interpretation. Especially with these vague codes, an adjudication system independent from commercial interests with the possibility of using effective sanctions is essential. More practical, the following recommendation to policy makers can be formulatedRecognizing the effects of alcohol marketing exposure on drinking behaviour, decreasing the overall volume of alcohol marketing to which young people are exposed is desired. To hang the overall volume of alcohol marketing to which young people are exposed, a volume restriction on advertising, promotion and sponsorship is recommended. In ord er to decrease substitution effects from restricted types of alcohol marketing to unrestricted types of alcohol marketing, a comprehensive ban is desired. When alcohol marketing is allowed, alcohol marketing tools that are difficult to monitor (e. g.alcohol advertising on the internet) or reach many young people should be prohibited.In media where alcohol marketing is allowed, content restrictions that address all attractive elements to young people are recommended. To avoid ambiguous restrictions that are open to interpretation, content restrictions should address all aspects that are allowed to be used in alcohol advertisements instead of what is not permitted. Alcohol marketing regulations should be supported by a strong supporting system that guarantees effective implementation, evaluation and adherence of the evaluation process For the implementation of alcohol marketing regulations it is important that there are no conflicting regulations on the supra-national or national leve l and a legal backstop to support the enforcement of the restrictions. The evaluation process of alcohol marketing regulations will be improved by an adjudication committee independent from economic interests from the sale of alcohol or advertisements. The adherence to alcohol marketing regulations should be monitored regularly by the government or a board independent from economic interests of the sale of alcohol or advertisements.A mandatory pre-screening system, and a transparent complaint system and substantial financial penalties will increase the adherence to alcohol marketing regulations. Since it is in the interest of public health, but not in the interest of the alcohol and advertising sector to restrict the volume of alcohol advertising substantially, alcohol marketing regulations embedded by law are necessary to protect vulnerable groups towards harmful exposure to alcohol marketing.Due to the global alcohol marketing activities, harmonization of (statutory) alcohol mar keting regulations at the European level is desired. This will decrease the possibilities of alcohol advertisers to reach young people by international channels. Concerning the Consumer protective covering has undergone a profound change in recent years. As Poland has introduced the European alliance legal system, the scope of consumer protection has been widened and the legal control in this respect has been strengthened.The main body responsible for consumer protection is the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection. In cocktail dress of wine, Polish legal regulations set out safety norms. The act prevents unsafe products from entering the market and puts a number of obligations on the producers starting with the labelling of the product, research, providing consumers with information allowing for ripe assessment of potential threats, and ending with the obligation to inform the president of the Office, should the producer find out that his already marketed product is uns afe.The president of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection has a right to force withdrawal of unsafe products from the market, to investigate and make decisions about practices which violate consumer rights, and intervene, should an agreement of sale include illegal clauses, which do not comply with law or accepted practice.Such interventions are on the rise in Poland. But, apart from the state of the legal system, the other crucial federal agent is consumer awareness so far, the cases of consumers suing producers have been few. It can be however expected that consumer awareness will increase and any company willing to conduct melody activity in Poland should take it into consideration.

Effect of Paclitaxel for Breast Cancer Treatment

Effect of Paclitaxel for Breast crabby person TreatmentEffect of paclitaxel along with withnia sominiferia on lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity changes in 7,12 di methyl group benz(a) anthracene ingestd detractor crab louse wistar ratsDr.N.Muninathan1*, Dr.P. Mohanalakshmi2,Amb beesha Kondam k., Dr. S. Malliga31* Department of Biochemistry, Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Enathur,Kanchipuram 631552, Tamil Nadu, India.2- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College, Chennai3- Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College, ChennaiAbstractAim The resolve of this study is to investigate the changes in the levels of lactate dehydogenase enzyme(LDH) activity and efficacy of combining of paclitaxel along with Withnia Sominiferia against breast genus Cancer in experimental wights. Breast crab louse is the commonest genus Cancer among women in all developed countries (except Japan) as well as in North Africa, South America, and southeastern and western Asia. While the incidence of breast cancer appears to be increasing, mortality rates argon now declining in at least some western countries. Breast cancer ranks third when some(prenominal) the sexes are considered together and is clearly a significant global public health problem. Design/Methods Breast cancer was induced in rats by 7, 12 Di methyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA) at the dosage of 20mgs dissolved in 0.5ml sunflower oil and administered into experimental animals for 28 weeks. In this study, we demonstrated that combination of paclitaxel and withania somnifera revert the changes in the rats from lethal demigod of DMBA within 30 days. Results All the isoenzymes LDH1 LDH5 were observed in cancer bearing animals. Expression of these isoenzymes were nominate be reduced in paclitaxel and Withania somnifera handle animals. Conclusions The treatment with combination of paclitaxel and withania somnifera effectively reduced LDH enzyme activity levels. So, from the o btained results it is concluded that paclitaxel and withania somnifera is capable of restoring the breast architecture.Key words Withania somnifera, DMBA, Paclitaxel, LDH and Breast cancer. IntroductionBreast cancer ranks third when both the sexes are considered together (Parkin, 1999) and is clearly a significant global public health problem.There are nearly 8,00,000 new cases of breast cancer worldwide separately year .In approximately half of these patients, breast cancer will be the eventual cause of death. Incidence of breast cancer in Indian women is non as high as in western countries (Sinha et al., 2003) .It is the second most common cancer among women in south India. The age standardized rates divert from 22 to 28 per 1, 00,000 women (Sanghvi, 1998). Although the rates appear to be lower than those seen in developed countries, the burden of cancer in India is alarming.Worldwide incidences of breast cancer handle to rise and geographical variations in breast cancer incid ence indicate that environment factors contribute to overall risk (Millikan, 1995). Exposure to environmental carcinogens early in life is thought to be one of the first events in the development of breast cancer. Each year breast cancer is diagnosed in 910,000 women worldwide and 376,000 women transcend from the disease. Most of these cases are in industrial countries e.g., North America (180,000) and Europe (220,000).PAHs an important class of chemical carcinogens that are widespread in the ambient environment due to fossil fuel combustion for energy production, transportation and industry. DMBA, a potent PAH recognized as an initiator of both skin and colored cancer (Masaaki Miyata et al). The covalent binding of DMBA metabolites to DNA has been implicated as a critical step in the initiation phase of cancers.Paclitaxel (Taxol), a naturally occurring antineoplastic drug agent has shown great promise in the therapeutic management of certain human solid tumors particularly in met astatic breast cancer and malevolence involves skin, lung and refractory ovaries. It is the original member of the taxane group of anticancer drugs derived from the bark and needles of the pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxels antitumor activity was dish aerialovered in1960s during a wide scale 35,000 plants-screening program sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA.Withania is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine in India and in Unani and Middle Eastern conventional medicines, where it is highly regarded as a panacea, aphrodisiac, and rejuvenative. Withania sominifera (L). Dunal (Solanaceae) commonly called Ashwagandha (Sanskrit) is an Ayurvedic Indian medicinal plant, which has been widely used as a home remedy for several ailments.(Bhattacharya et al., 1997)The use of ashwagandha in Ayurvedic medicine extends back more than 3000 to 4000 years (Upton, 2000) (Agarwall et al., 1997). It has been widely extolled as a tonic, especially for emaciation in people o f all ages, including babies, and enhances the reproductive function of both men and women. It has also been used for inflammation, especially in antitumor, arthritic and rheumatic conditions, for asthma, and as a major tonic to counteract aging and promote new longevity (Dhuley., 1998).Materials And Methods1.1. Chemicals7,12 Dimethyl benz (a) anthracene and Withania somnifera were purchased from Sigma chemical company, USA. All the other chemicals used were of analytical grade.1.2. Animal care and housingFemale Wistar rats, 6-8 weeks of age and weighing 150-200g, were used. The animals were procured from Central Animal residence Block, Meenakshi Medical College and Research institute, Kanchipuran, Tamil Nadu, India and maintained in a controlled environmental condition of temperature and humidity on alternatively 12 h light/ turned cycles. All animals were fed standard pellet diet (Gold Mohor rat feed, Ms.Hindustan Lever Ltd., Mumbai) and water ad libitum. This research work on w istar female rats was sanctioned and sanction by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (REG NO. 765/03/ca/CPCSEA).1.3. Experimental DesignThe animals were divided in to sextette groups of 6 animals each. Group I animals served as control, Group II, III, IV, V as animals do by with DMBA (20mg ) per animal in sunflower oil (0.5ml), three times a week for 28 weeks to induce skin cancer. After tumor induction Group III animals were treated with Paclitaxel (33mg/kg b.wt) once in a week for 4 weeks. Group IV animals were treated with Withania somnifera (250g/animal) for 30 days. Group V animals were treated with both Paclitaxel and Withania somnifera (as in group III and group IV). These were Group VI Control animals treated with paclitaxel and Withania somnifera for 28weeks plus 30 days.After the experimental period of 32 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by cervical decapitation.1.4. Biochemical analysisThe isoenzymes pattern of lactate dehydrogenase was separated by the mode of Dietz and Lubrano (1967).III. ResultsPlate 1 depicts the Isoenzyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum of control and experimental animals. All the isoenzymes LDH1 LDH5 were observed in cancer bearing (group II) animals. Expression of these isoenzymes were found be reduced in paclitaxel (group III) and Withania somnifera (group IV) treated animals. However a much significant reduction in the LDH isoenzyme expression pattern was observed in-group V animals treated with both paclitaxel and Withania somnifera.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in serum of control and experimental animalsLane 1ControlLane 2DMBA treatedLane 3Paclitaxel treatedLane 4Withania somnifera treatedLane 5Paclitaxel and Withania somnifera treated cancer bearing animalLane 6Paclitaxel and Withania somnifera treated control animalIV. DiscussionLactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is the most common clinical enzyme used in the cancer patients for prognostic purpose ( Invone et al., 1998). It has a n important role in germ kiosk functions and can predict responses to chemotherapy and the prospects of remission. Human cancer tissues typically exhibit 2-3 fold increases in glycolytic enzymes and LDH activity. Sandhya Mishra et al. (2004) have also reported the increased level of LDH in breast cancer patients.Anderson and Kovatik (1981) reported greater LDH activity in breast cancer conditions. There was a significant increase in LDH level in serum of cancer bearing Group II animals. This might be due to the membrane disruptions that caused the release of these enzymes from the cancer cells or the overproduction by the tumor cells (Helmes et al., 1998). The depute LDH activity may also have resulted from differences in the rate of synthesis, degradation or the excretion of the enzymes in the mammary cancer bearing animals. Schwartz (1973) has reported that among the isoenzymes LDH5 was six times greater than LDH1 in mammary tumor cells.Flavanoids have proved to possess antitumo r effect on various animal models (Ames et al., 1995). The biological and pharmacologic activity of Withania somnifera was associated with phenolic compounds mainly to flavanoids, aromatic acids and esters (Burdock, 1998 De catsro, 2001). Antioxidant activity of flavanoids may also be due to their structural features and its action on membrane (Saija et al., 1995 Mathur et al., 2003 Mohan et al., 2006). Paclitaxel being fat in flavanoid content possess antitumor and antiproliferative activities that stabilizes the membrane permeability and reduces the release of LDH.V. Statistical analysisFor statistical analysis, one way analysis of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by the Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison test.VI. ConclusionFrom the present study, the effect of Paclitaxel- Withania somnifera combination proved to be effective chemotherapeutic agent against DMBA induced Breast cancer in wistar rats compared to that of paclitaxel or Withania somnifera confirmed anal yzing the LDH isoenzymes levels in serum.ReferenceAgarwal, R., Diwanay, S., Patki, P., and Patwardhan, B ( 1999). Studies on immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extracts in experimental immune inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol, 67 27-35.Ames BN, Swirsky G and willet WC. (1995). The causes and prevention of cancer. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA., 925258-5265.Anderson GR, Kovacik WP Jr. (1981). LDHK an unusual oxygen sensitive lactate dehydrogenase expressed in human cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78 (8) 3209 13.Bhattacharya, S. K., Satyan, K. S., and Ghosal, S. (1997). Antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera. Indian J Exp Biol, 35 236-239.Budhiraja, R. D., Sudhir, S., and Garg, K. N.( 1983). Cardiovascular effects of a withanolide from Withania coagulans, dunal fruits. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 27 129-134.Burdock GA. (1998). Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food and chemical toxicology. 36 347-363.Decastro SI. (2001). Propolis biological and pharmacological activities. Therapeutic uses of this bee product. Annual review on biological sciences. 3 49-83.Dhuley, J. N. (1998). Therapeutic efficacy of Ashwagandha against experimental aspergillosis in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 20 191-198.Dietz AA. and Lubrano T. (1967). Separation and quantification of LDH isoenzyme by disc electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem., 20 246-257.Helmes MH, Modia A, Moneim EL, Moustafae MS, Bale EL and Safinoz MEL. (1998). Clinical values of serum LDH, ceruloplasmin and lipid bound sialic acid in monitoring patients with malignant lymphomas. Medical Science Research, 26 613-617.Iuvone, T., Esposito, G., Capasso, F., and Izzo, A. A. (2003). Induction of nitric oxide synthase expression by Withania somnifera in macrophages. Life Sci, 72 1617- 1625.Mathur, R., Gupta, S. K., Singh, N., Mathur, S., Kochupillai, V., and Velpandian, T.( 2006). Evaluation of the effect of Withania somnifera root extracts on cell cycle and angiogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol, cv 336-341.Millikan R, De Voto E, Newman B. and Savitz D. (1995). Studying environmental influences and breast cancer risk suggestions for an integrated population based approach. Br.Cancer Res.Treat., 35 79-89.Mohan, R., Hammers, H. J., Bargagna-Mohan, P., Zhan, X. H., Herbstritt, C. J., Ruiz, A., Zhang, L., Hanson, A. D., Conner, B. P., Rougas, J., and Pribluda, V. S.( 2004). Withaferin A is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, 7 115-122.Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay, Raymond L, and Young J. (1997). Cancer incidence in five continents. Volume VIII.IARC. Scientific Publications, 143 IARC, Lyon, 858-1009.Rasool, M. and Varalakshmi, P.( 2003). Immunomodulatory role of Withania somnifera root powder on experimental induced inflammation An in vivo and in vitro study. Vascul Pharmacol, 44 406-410.Saija A, Scalese M, Lanza M, Marzullo D, Bonina F. and Castelli F. (1995). Flavanoids as antioxidant agents Importance of their interactions with biomembranes. Free Rad.Biol.Med., 19 481-486.Sandhya Mishra DC, Sharma and Praveen Sharma. (2004). Studies of Biochemical parameters in breast cancer with and without metastasis. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 19(1) 71 75.Sanghvi LD. (1998). Report on cancer epidemiology. Indian association of cancer research. 1-28.Schwartz MK. (1973). Enzymes in cancer (review ). Clin.Chem., 19 10-22.Sinha R, Anderson DE, Mc Donald SS. and Greenwald P. (2003). Cancer risk and diet in India. 49(33) 222-228.

The Impact Of Terrorism On Tourism Tourism Essay

The Impact Of act of terrorist act On Tourism Tourism EssayIn this study the main(prenominal) dishsion leave be about the contact of terrorism on tourism, how it is adopt toing tourism in any country and in this study the writer bequeath discus in particularly about Egypt and how the tourism industry is in particular has been asked by these terrorist fires.The main reason why the writer thinks that this argona should be discussed is because many countries atomic number 18 bear on with the fulfil of terrorism and terrorists even though they happen to be safe countries. These kinds of rapes dont gift the country as a whole, they be groups of people who give birth issues with the governing and they wish to be in the spotlight and get media coverage from tout ensemble over the universe of discourse by contend tourers.The main benefit from this investigate is to find out the main reason for these pom-poms, what are the consequences of the charges on the to urism industry of Egypt? Why do terrorists attack touring cars? How did they face it in the past and how should the country react upon terrorism in the future?Main data collection will be from journals and maintains it is based on secondary investigate findings only. Then again there are some limitations of secondary look into available in hand tho there are some substitute(a) carriages to get the information needed for the study.The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of terrorism on tourism, which includes tourists movement and the consequences on the conclusion.The study will focalise on the affects that the destination faces after(prenominal) the attacks, and how this kind of attacks affects tourism in the country.Tourism is a main in add up for many countries in the world most of the develop countries are com giveeent on it even the less developed countries are counting on tourism as a second source of income after petrol, so it is fastest evolution s tinting sectors in the developed/developing world (Aly Strazicich, n.d.).In the late 1960s and 1970s, tourism was often promoted as a counselling to reduce persistent balance of payment deficit and as a major source of foreign exchange (Essner, 2003). And it was direct and indirect on the organization receipts, it was recognized as a means to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on traditional agriculture and industry (Aly Strazicich, n.d.).Simple terrorist attacks can affect on the tourism revenue, and this would be a bad impact on the country foreign exchange (Essner, 2003).It has been securely to define the word terrorism only one of the definitions describes it asAny act taken with extraordinary methods including the use of force and violence with the aim of influencing genial and political structure (Kucukaltan 2006, p.29).Egypt is one of the countries that depend on tourism, previous statement shows that in 2002 tourism represented 26% of their foreign exchange (w rite fix, 2010). However, due to some terrorist attacks this can change, such(prenominal) as in 1998 tourism has been affected genuinely badly it has been reduced from 3,727 in 1997 to 2,565 in 1998 (Essner, 2003).In the next sections the author will be disusing about the methodology of this research, the worldly concernations re observe and solution and recommendations if available.MethodologySecondary analysis is a form of research in which the data collected and processes by a researcher are reanalyzed by an new(prenominal), often for different purpose (Babbie 2007, p.227).Using secondary data has its advantages and disadvantages, to start with, its advantages It is faster to collect and at a lower price than the aboriginal data, it can provide the researchers with their research start point and help to define the research problem and learn the objectives (Kotler, et al., 2008).The disadvantages of using a secondary data research is the needed information may not be research ed or may not exist, or the definition needed is different or inappropriate for the research on hand (Kotler, et al., 2008).In this study the main resources that will be used are secondary resources.Most data collected will incorporate of relevant academic books, previous case study researches and the internet.The main books that will be used in this study will be from Tourism and act of terrorism by Professor Derman Kucukaltan, other books are more about terrorism and its conflict on the world, such a book Global terrorism by James M. Lutz and Brenda J.On the other hand there are some academic books also available on Google books that will be used in this study such as Inside act of terrorism by Bruce Hoffman, and another book about the Mediterranean tourism edited By Yiorgos Apostolopoulos, Philippos J. Loukissas, Lila Leontidou, the chapter in the book is about tourism in Egypt create verb totallyy by Turgut Var and Kahlid Zakaria El Adli Imam.In addition to the books there a re few reports and researches do about the impact of terrorism and tourism in Egypt, such as the one written by Mark Bennet and Harry Bray and another report written by Hassan Aly and Strazicich from The Ohio State University.Other information about Egypt tourism statistics, recent terrorist attacks in Egypt news and figures will be used from some Internet sources, such as Al Jazeera English web site, BBC news, npr station online broadcasting and many more other websites.Literature reviewTerrorism and tourismGlobal Terrorism is a concern for all (Suder, 2006).To begin with it is consequential that terrorism and tourism is defined. Researchers had been giving many different definition of terrorism and it is difficult to define it, but from the writer point of view, the most appropriate definition will be thatTerrorism is a form of war its goal is to destroy economies through stochastic death and panic (Tarlow, 2006, p.82).It is also described as the planned, politically motivated attack perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub national groups or secret against usually think to influence an audience (download it, n.d.).Terrorism may also be a use of violence or threat of violence against civilians in general terrorism could be defined as any act taken with extraordinary methods including the use of force and violence with the aim of influencing social and political structure (Kucukaltan, 2006, p.29).These are only some of the definition about terrorism but all the definition has a common principle about terrorism which is that terrorism is a kind of violence.Most countries countenance national and/ or global fear of unending terrorism, especially after September 11 it became a priority of the world to fight against terrorism and to break-dance the growing number of terrorist organization (Kucukaltan, 2006). In addition there are different kinds of terrorist attacks, such as Kidnapping, explosions, murder and security taking (Das Kratcoski, 2003).Ho wever tourism is the world number one industry and the service is reliant on the peoples protection and their security (Schuelke, 2000). And it is one of the fastest growing economic sector in the world and in Egypt since 1987 (Apostolopoulos, et al., 2001).In addition according to Aly and Strazicich (n.d.) report, tourism was recognized for its direct and indirect impact on organization revenue and as a mean of diversifying the economy and reduces dependence on traditional agriculture and industry.Terrorism is confused with criminal behaviour, yet they are alone different elements. Tourism crime is a business while tourism terrorism is unwisely motivated by a group of people. Crime is cognise nationally in the country, but terrorism in known internationally because of media interest they get (Tarlow, 2006).According to Das and Kratroski (2003, p210) a terrorist mean whoever practices violence and terrorism for realizing a political objective and anyone who resorts to terrorism f or consuming power. In addition Terrorists seek to destroy nations or governments through random death that lead to an economic collapse, terrorists goals are different in that they seek the distribution of a tourism industry rather than the personal or commercial benefits from a specific action (Tarlow, 2002). Furthermore terrorist are willing to lose and risk their life in order to achieve their goals (Tarlow, 2002).And this is exactly what is happening in Egypt, all the attacks are done by angry people who are not supporting with the government and so terrorism is the answer to their anger and achieving their goal, and because they want their voice to be heard they call up to seek media attention. Because terrorist seek media attention any event is an open target for terrorist (Tarlow, 2002). Moreover, the press and the media have a huge impact on them as they put them on the spotlight in any negative event (Das Kratroski, 2003). And from the writer point of view the media as well have a an affect on the destination image after broadcasting any event that had happened in that destination, it might build a good write up or break the reputation of the destination.The history of terrorism in EgyptEgypt tourism has a long history it started during the presidential of Anwar Al Sadat, when he first made peace with Israel. This opened and changed the view of the Westerns to the Arabs and their leaders (Apostolopoulos, et al., 2001). Tourism represents one of the most beneficial sectors of Egypt economy but it is highly in danger to internal violence and regional politics (Apostolopoulos, et al., 2001). In other way it is unstable domestic economy that Egypt has.It all has started in the late 1970s when al-gamaa al-Islamiya began insulting and fighting the revolution that Egypt was going through, they targeted government officials, Coptic Christians, policemens, officers and tourists (Essner, 2003). These extremist Muslims group (al-gamaa al-Islamiya) launched their campaign all over again in 1992, this time their main targets where extraterrestrial tourists, these terrorist attacks has paralysed the government and injuryd the tourism between 1992 and proterozoic 1994 (Apostolopoulos, et al., 2001).Al-Gamaa Al-Islamiya are responsible for all the terrorist attacks that happened for the last 12 years, when they started first in 1992 they attacked a German cruise which no one was killed from the tourist but lead Egyptian were hurt, past they attempted another attack in the same month where they killed a British tourist and wounded two others (Essner, 2003).In summer 1994 Egypt experienced a revival in their tourism industry and it rose again, furthermore their main tourists were mainly from the Gulf States (Apostolopoulos, et al., 2001). After a refresh crop of tourism, in 1996 there was another attack on tourists that killed 18 Greek tourists and another attack in the same month killed more than 58 persons who were broadly speaking tourists (Apostopoulos, et al., 2001).Egypt tourism has lots of ups and downs. All this was affected by the terrorist attacks on tourist, tourism revenue increased enormously from 1994 to 1995, by 34% in 1995. And from 1995 to 1996 it fell by nearly 15% and it proceed into 1997 where it fell 3% more (Essner, 2003). Although of all these attacks that Egypt had faced through the last 12 years, Tourism still plays a actually big role in its economy, they got used to it and they copped with it. Tourists still visit Egypt but they are not satisfied with the security, but because it is a beautiful country tourist sacrifice and go to visit it.The main type of terrorism in Egypt isTerrorism targeting a political regime The aim is to destroy the government system, they want to send a message to the world and they want the government to use the Sharia Law.National Terrorism The attacks are only in Egypt, they dont attack other countries and they have no support from outside the country.Orga nizational Terrorism means Any kind of violent action carried out by two or more people to reject state regime and its application to debilitate state authority and to give messages to national and/ or international public trust (Kucukaltan, 2006, p.39). And the main terrorism organizations in Egypt are Al-Gamaa Al-Islamiya.(Kucukaltan, 2006).Terrorism targetsTerrorist al slipway attack people who are not protected and have weak security (Das Kratcoski, 2003). thereof they have often used tourists as targets, because they are easy to attack and describe a lot of attention from the media (Frey, 2004, p17). Likewise the main targets of these terrorist attacks in Egypt are to be targeted on foreign tourist (Hazbun, 1997).Tourist has al ways been the main targets of Egypt terrorist attacks, from the beginning of this revolution in 1992 till 2009 all attacks where involved in tourist locations, such as in Luxor, Egyptian museum, caravanserai Al-Khalili souk in old Cairo and many oth er locations, in addition to the attacks it was the first foreign adult female to be killed in a terrorist attack in 1992 (AL Jazeera English, 2008).Terrorists are attacking tourist destination because they know that tourism is Egypt main income to the country and they are attacking many foreigners and this will provide them with high media coverage.Kucukaltan (2006) identifies the main reasons why terrorist attacks tourism and these reasons areBecause attacks on tourism have immediate repercussions in the world public opinion.It damages the image of the country.It damages the economy of the country by destroying their tourism image.It creates an international diplomatic-crisis environment between the country and the country of the target of the victim.Therefore it is intelligible from the above evidence and the reasons for these terrorist attacks to be held it is also clear that the main targets for terrorist in Egypt are the foreign tourists. This has a huge impact on tourism as tourist has become common targets of these terrorist attacks, all these attacks has an affect on the tourist decision making, as tourist have fear and insecurity to travel to a country with a previous terrorist attacks, and this will create a barrier to the travellers and as a result a limitation to the growth of tourism will occur (Cooper et al., 2008).The impact of terrorist attacksThe main and most negatively affected from these attacks is the GPD of the country the country will lose a lot of its income because of these terrorist attacks (Frey, 2004). Moreover, the second most important is that the country loses its sense of safety and security which will make tourists and the locals feel unsafe staying or living in that area (Fyall Garrod, 2005). Terrorism has a operative affect on tourism, for example it can influence people of the advantages of living in the country side than in the city, because high population cities make them a target for terrorists. The transportation co sts will increase it also has a huge affect on the country revenue, especially if tourisms is one of the main revenue of the country GPD (Frey, 2004).On the other hand the Tourism marketing is the managerial process of anticipating and satisfying existing and potential visitors wants, it also means securing environmental and social needs as well as core consumer satisfaction (Fyall Garrod 2005, p.42). Therefore it is important that the destination has a good marketing image, and terrorism has a ample negative impact on the destination image, for example one of these impacts of terrorism will be the Media whenever there is an event of a negative nature that is cover by the media it will have a huge impact on tourist demand, and this will help to destroy the destination image (Fyall Garrod, 2005).The recovery expiration after the attackRecovery is defined asThe act, process, duration or an instance of recovering (The free dictionary, 2010).However, to get a rise recovery from a terrorist attack it is not enough to get back to where you began before the attack, it is important that they reach the level where they are suppose to reach if the attack didnt happen to the destination (Bonham, et al., 2006).For Egypt to achieve full recovery they must achieve it by increasing their tourist arrival number faster and not just to where they were before the attack but where they are suppose to be if the attack didnt happen (Bonham, et al., 2006).There has been different ways that the Egyptian Government and especially the tourism industry had been nerve-racking in order to recover after the terrorist attacks since 1992. firstly, after the first attack in 1992 the government allocated US $25m to promote tourism in Egypt, they started by doing a campaign to help recovering, in 1995 and 1996 Egypt tourism industry recovered very strongly, through their visitors arrivals, number of nights and visitors spent has increased remarkably. This was due to the campaign which he lped in developing new businesses such as building new hotels and resorts in the Red Sea Cost and Sinai Cost (Dean, 2004).When any tourism industry is under a high pressure and trying to recover from negative shock, the tour operators and the destination start to reduce their prices to sell and make the destination more competitive and attract more visitors (Cooper et al., 2008).The airlines and hotels are the most to be affected by the attacks as they reduce their prices significantly and this is because they want to maintain their occupancy level (Cooper et al., 2008). And this what had had happened to Egypt Air after the attacks in 1997, as many tourists cancelled their flights, and the airlines lost around 85,000 passenger, and at the end of the year they have announced their loss by 240 million Egyptian Pounds, it was a bad year for the company as they also had to reduce 50% of their domestic flights prices (Dean, 2004).Additionally an experience from other tourist-reliant dest ination such as Turkey and Israel indicates that it is unorthodox to know the revival of tourism after such an attack on the destination (Gurtner, 2004).There are few points that could help in recovering fast after any terrorist attack, such asResponse requires ingenuity and resilient attitude from the local community.Recreating a positive image of the destination, by international marketing and public relationThe government should ensure safety and security for the locals and the tourists.And many other ways in recovering such crisis (Gurtner, 2004). get is the most important aspect that the government should be concerned about after any attack or crisis the country might be facing. For Egypt it has been hard to attempt a good recovery, because whenever they recover from the attack they face another attack after a short time. And this makes it difficult for them to recover a full recovery, because they always have to start from the point they left it before the attack and start al l over again.Tourism in Egypt can be unpredictable and it has been described as a snake and Ladder, the tourists are tempted up the Ladder by a wealth of sea resorts, natural desert beauty and multi-layers of Pharaonic, Coptic and Islamic cultures, then tourists are plunged into the Snake-pit by terrorism and regional insecurity (Aly Strazicich, n.d.).Decisions and analysisAs it has been discussed previously in the literature review, that tourism in Egypt is a very important aspect to the countrys economy, because it represents around 26% of it GPD.Egypt is a very beautiful country it has been a tourist destination since the presidential era of Anwar Al-Sadat, and it continued to be a famous tourist destination world wide. People go to Egypt to visit the Pyramids, the Egyptian Museum, Luxor and the coastal cities of Egypt, as they have beautiful beaches and tremendous weather all year round.On the other hand, terrorism in Egypt has a huge effect on tourist arrival number to the co untry. Terrorism had started in 1970s when first Al-Gamaa Al-Islamiya group was formed, but it was more active in 1992 when they first started attacking tourist all around Egypt, especially in tourist destination and attractions such as in Kahan Al-Kalili Souq, Luxor and beach resorts. They have killed many of their foreigner tourists they had killed the first British Woman in 1992, moreover in 1996 they killed around 18 Greek, along with 58 other tourist where killed a month latter and this was an extremely terrible shocking news when it has been announced all over the word by the media.From the writers point of view although of Egypts bad reputation and enormous terrorist attacks that they had especially targeting tourists, tourism in Egypt had never stopped although they had their bad class when the tourist arrival enormously drooped, however people still visited Egypt because they know that its a beautiful country and these attacks do not represent the country as a whole, it ju st represented a group of political oriented people. People still visit the country and for some years it recovered from the affect of these attacks, but it has never recovered completely .Egypts tourism had its ups and downs and the country had tried and is still trying to recover from these attacks. They are working on keeping Egypt a famous and attractive tourist destination.From the writers point of view, tourism has been the terrorist groups main target, and they want to send their message to the world, as a result they have achieved it all the way through the media coverage that they get during every negative event. Media has a big influence on tourist decision making either negatively or positively. Moreover tourists are always looking for a holiday that will give them peace, secure and safety and Egypt doesnt provide that to its tourists.Safety and security is a very important aspects in any destination, tourist want to feel that they are in a secured and a safe country in o rder that they could unbend and enjoy their holiday. For this reason, it is important that the government rebuilds the confidence in its target tourist market and provide them with a secure and a safe holiday that they are looking for.Terrorism war in Egypt started more than 12 years ago and it is still continuing and it will continue for more years to come if the Egyptian government doesnt do anything that will help to stop terrorism and find a solution that both parties (Al-Gamaa Al-Islamiya group and the Egyptian government) will agree on.From the writers point of view, the Egyptian government doesnt seem doing or working very hard in order to fix the situation in the country, in addition, the government should react fast to such situations, because terrorism never stops, it grows and spread very fast every day especially in a country equivalent Egypt.When these terrorist groups will notice that there is no reaction from the government and as a result more attacks will be made by the groups and damage will be done to the country.The Egyptian government should initially consider the economy of the country and how its affecting the GPD of the country, followed by the countrys citizens who are also negatively affected from these terrorist attacks mainly that most businesses are locally owned and these businesses lose after any attack, especially if it is a tourism base business such as the Airlines, hotels and souvenirs shops.Moreover terrorism destroys the feel of security of the locals in their own country. The government should fight for the security of the citizens and provide them with their rights.The Egyptian government should look after their citizens because they are also affected from these attacks. They should be more responsible to the people and provide a safe and more secured country to them.To demonstrate how important and affected the tourism industry could be by terrorism the following charts explains it all.Figure 1.0 (Andersen, 2000).To be gin with, the first chart shows how tourist arrivals have increased from 1993 till the end of 1997 when then again enormously dropped in 1998 because of Luxor attack in 1997. This shows how tourism is significantly affected by any terrorism attack, and how it is important that the government should try to stop these attacks because it is affecting the countrys economic.Figure 2.0 (Andersen, 2000).Furthermore the second graph show how unpredictable tourism is in Egypt and any attack could affect the occupancy of the hotels. There are some years such as in 1997 and 1999, tourism is very high and active and in the next year it falls enormously and this is all because of terrorist attacks. In fact these attacks could be affecting the country on monthly bases rather than yearly.Conclusion and RecommendationsTo conclude, this study has discussed the impact of terrorism on tourism in the case study of Egypt.Egypt is one of the famous tourist destinations in the world it attracts millions o f tourists every year to the country. Egypt GPD is dependent on tourism as an income, it represents around 26% of the country GPD therefore it is important for the government to make their country a safe and a secure destination for the locals and the tourists, but terrorism is one of the factors that is destroying tourism in the country.Terrorism in Egypt has a long history, it started in the late 1970s and stopped for a while and back once more very strongly in 1992, while this time they have been attacking tourists and getting media attention world widely. Egypt main terrorist group is called Al-Gamaa Al-Islamiya they are a group of Muslim, who wants the government to make the Sharia Law the main government law. So these terrorist are fighting politics. And their main targets are always set on to tourists, especially foreigner tourists, although many of their attacks have killed local Egyptian people. However they always tend to attack tourist destination and attraction in Egypt, such as the Luxor and Khan Al-Kalili Cairos old Souk and many other places.Terrorist always intend to get media coverage and this makes them on the spotlight in any event world widely, and this is what they want to.Terrorist have different kind of attacks that they perform, such as Hijacking, Kidnapping, and Suicide bombing and several other performances.Egypt has been attacked by terrorist for many years, and every time they try to recover from the attack they get attacked again, and they always have to start from the beginning to recover the consequences of the attack.In this study the writer had suggested sever ways that the government could try to end these attack in the country, such as negotiating, build a relationship with the terrorist group in order to understand them, nix tourist travelling in a very big groups and turning away the media attention from them, these are however only few from many other recommendations that the government could do to clog terrorism in the country.Because of time, the writer has not done a primary research in this study, the writer only used secondary research, and therefore more research is needed to be done to examine other factors that are responsible of these attacks, such as How do the locals feel about these attacks? How has it affected them? and in which ways?, and the second point will be from the tourist point of view, how will they feel if they where in Egypt in a specific attack?, and will they come back to Egypt after they have seen or listened about a terrorist attack that happened in Egypt even though they have planned to go before the attack happen?, why will terrorism affect their decision making process, how is media important and how does it affect the countries reputation, so many things that could be discussed further more in the study.There are several ways that the Egyptian government could fight against terrorism in the country here are some of the recommendations or the ways that would be effec tive in fighting against terrorismEgypt tourism authority should take more responsibility of these attacks and also try to explain to the tour operators that they should prevent group tours and gathering, because terrorist always targets big groups, because their aim is to kill as much as they can in every attack they do.They also should try to prevent the media attention that these attacks get from the international media, because these media coverages has a big affect on tourist decision making when they want to travel, and tourist always intend to go away from a country that has political violence, and they always look for alternatives for that specific country. In addition there are several countries that could be replaced to Egypt such as Cyprus, Greece and Turkey.Egypt government should put together with the tourism authority a new marketing campaign to the destination they should build a new target market to the destination, and develop new projects.The government should buil d an international relation with the countries that they lost because of terrorism and try to compose a stronger relationship. Because these terrorist attacks does not represent the country, but it represent a group of people only, the people who are against the government and their laws.These are only few recommendations that the government could carry out to prevent or to devolve these terrorist attacks in the destination.