Foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foreign policy - Essay ExampleRealism was predominant during the shabby War between U.S and Soviet Union and guided the international affairs at the time. Realists are of the date that self-interested states contend constantly for power or security (Walt, 1998, p. 31). States are often in conflict as they struggle for power and dominance in the world order and as long as the oddment of power is not maintained, war between powerful states is inevitable. The U.S and Soviet Union during the Cold War were therefore fighting for power U.S wanted to spread capitalist economy while the Soviet wanted to spread communism and secure its borders.There are various divisions of realism. Classical realists standardized Hans Morgenthau believe that states innate desire to dominate others is the excite of war while neorealists the likes of Kenneth Waltz believe the reason for war and conflict is that states are retributory seeking to survive (Walt, 1998 p. 31). Recently new branches of defe nsive and offensive realists have emerged. Defensive theorists such as Robert Jervis, Jack Snyder and Van Evera believe in power of military in guaranteeing security and for their survival. These states have often faith in military force and exaggerated perceptions of threat thus use force to book themselves but have no intrinsic interest in military conquest (Walt, 1998 p. 37). Offensive realists like John Mearsheimer on the other hand, believe the conflict arises from state of anarchy. States are thus encouraged to maximize their strengths in preparation for any emergence of revisionist power. This is because realism is based on Marxism which emphasized the role of capitalism in enhancing conflict among nations and whose solution is a revolution. For example, the U.S feels threatened by the rise of China which a collectivistic nation is and would do anything to maintain its dominant position in international affairs. International organizations such as NATO and UN are only of v alue if they serve the U.S interests and not when trying to equalize affairs among nations. Defensive realist like Evera think that war is not profitable and that in absence of militant forces such as in the post-cold war Europe, there would be peace. However, offensive realists are of the view that great powers are doomed to compete irrespective of internal characteristics hence security competition is inevitable. The U.S role is to act as Global patrol hence maintain peace in the world. LiberalismJust like realism, its main focus is the states. This theory advocates for cooperation among nations as the only way to end conflicts. Scholars in this field (Michael Doyle & Robert Keohane) do not believe that power is all-important(prenominal) in international affairs. Instead, they argue for democracy in believe that democratic states are inherently to a greater extent peaceful than authoritarian states (Walt, 1998 p. 32). The democratic states aspire to be prosperous and as such, av oid being in conflict with each other but rather cooperate for future gains. This was the rationality used by U.S during Cold War to institute democracies all over Europe.